Histological Comparison Study of the Adult Human Heart between Male and Female in Kirkuk City in Iraq

Abstract

Background: The heart in human is normally a hollow muscular organ located within the chest in the middle mediastinum and is surrounded by a sac known as a pericardium.

Methods: The heart samples collected from 32 cadavers (male and female) taken from four age group ((≤ 29, 30-39, 40-49, ≥50) from the forensic center of Azadi_ teaching hospital of Kirkuk city from the March 2023 to August 2023.

Results: the general histological results shows the heart wall consist of the three layer the outermost layer called epicardium,  middle layer called myocardium and the inner most layer called endocardium .

The morphometric finding: the minimum mean thickness of the epicardium of the LA was 103 .5 um in female and the maximum mean was 928.5 um. And the mean of the LV the minimum was 217.5 um and the maximum was 1377 um. The minimum mean thickness of the myocardium layer of the LA was1649um and the maximum was 3185 um while the minimum mean of the myocardium in the LV was 1666 um and the maximum was 4132 um . The minimum mean thickness of the endocardium of the LA was 152 um and the maximum mean was 312.5 um, while the minimum thickness in the LV was 60.5 um and the maximum was 170 um .The minimum mean diameter of the cardiocyto in the LA was 11 um and the maximum was 23.5 um, while the minimum mean in the LV was 13.8 um and the maximum was 27.5 um. The minimum mean diameter of the pruknjie fiber in the LA was 30.6 um and the maximum was 78 um,  while the minimum mean in the LV was 38 um and the maximum was 91.5 um

Conclusions: The thickness of the epicardium and myocardium was thicker in the left ventricle than left atrium in all ages. The thickness of the endocardium in the left atrium was thicker than in the left ventricle The diameter of the pruknjie fiber was larger than the diameter of the cardiocyte in both atrium and ventricle.