Studying the Relationship Between Retinopathy and Lower Peripheral Artery Disease, A Study Between the Years (2021-2022) In Iraq

Abstract

Background: More than 200 million people globally and 8 to 10 million adults in the United States suffer with lower-extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Major clinical outcomes such as death, heart attack, stroke, cardiovascular disease, and lower-extremity amputation are all linked to PAD. Objective: This paper aims to study the relationship between retinopathy and lower peripheral artery disease, a study between the years (2021-2022) in Iraq. Patients and methods: This paper was presented as a sectional study where it interested to study the relationship between retinopathy and lower peripheral artery disease, which occurred with lower peripheral artery disease patients in the range (40-70) years with (41) patients’ cases.  This paper was characterized into two groups, which are PAD patients and PAD controls. This paper has examined all data of demographic characteristics into lower peripheral artery disease outcomes related to operative patients by the SPSS program, which conduct for all data was extracted in a study between 14th August 2021 to 25th May 2022 in different hospitals in Iraq. Discussion: Our findings linking retinal to elevated PAD risk are in line with other research that found correlations between retinopathy measurements and other atherosclerotic illnesses, including stroke and coronary heart disease, in both groups without diabetes and without. But, in our analysis, the relationships between retinopathy measurements and PAD controls were extremely strong. In fact, retinopathy had higher links with PAD controls in our research sample than it did overall coronary heart disease as well as stroke. Importantly, both preoperatively and postoperatively, there were more hemorrhages than controls. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study discovered that markers of retinopathy, such as retinal hemorrhage, were significantly higher in the PAD patient group and were linked with diabetes. These findings would have an impact on their preventative and therapeutic methods and support the idea that microvascular illness contributes to the development of PAD.