Adenomyosis as an Independent Unit of Dysfunction of the Endometrium and Uterine Myometrium

Abstract

In modern literature, adenomyosisis described as "benign invasion of the endometrium into the myometrium, leading to diffuse enlargement of the uterus. Microscopic examination reveals ectopic neoplasia of the endometrial glands and stroma surrounded by hypertrophied and hyperplastic myometrium" [1, 2]. In recent years, interest in the problem has increased significantly, since the disease violates the quality of a woman's life, encourages the doctor to resort to surgical treatment, including organ-bearing operations. The role of endomyometrial dysfunction characteristic of adenomyosis in the development of obstetric pathology cannot be overestimated. Based on visualization methods by C.M. Juang et al. [3] have shown that adenomyosis is an important risk factor for spontaneous premature birth. In addition, adenomyosis is associated with other obstetric complications, such as abnormal postpartum bleeding [4]. According to a systematic review and meta-analysis, adenomyosis has a negative impact on the results of infertility treatment when using assisted reproductive technologies due to a decrease in the likelihood of clinical pregnancy and implantation of the fetal egg, as well as an increase in the risk of early pregnancy loss [5].