Impact and Consequences of Vitamin D Supplementation during Pregnancy: Jordanian Royal Medical Services

Abstract

It has been hypothesized that taking extra vitamin D while pregnant will protect against unfavorable gestational outcomes. This randomized clinical trial study examined the effects of supplementing with 50,000 IU of vitamin D every two weeks versus expecting mothers who received 400 IU of vitamin D daily on the incidence of gestational diabetes (GDM), gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, preterm labor, vitamin D status at term, and neonatal outcomes. 200 women from Prince Rashid Ben Al-Hasan Military Hospital during October 2022 to January 2023 with gestational age 12-16 weeks and serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25 (OH) D ) less than 30 ng/ml randomly categorized in two groups. Group A received 400 IU vitamin D daily and group B 50,000 IU vitamin D every 2 weeks orally until delivery. Maternal and Neonatal outcomes were assessed in two groups. The main results of the current study concluded to 5.9% versus 12.8% respectively, group B had a considerably lower incidence of GDM than group A, and odds ratio (93% Confidence Interval) was 0.42 (0.21-0.85) (P=0.02). At the time of delivery, mothers in group B had mean SD levels of 25 (OH) D that were considerably higher than those in group A (41.1±22.2 versus 25.1±16.4 ng/ml, respectively) (P=0.004). There were no differences in the incidence of preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, preterm labor, and low birth weight between two groups. In comparison to group A, group B had a mean 25 (OH) D level that was considerably higher (34.6±18.6 versus 25.3±17.5 ng/ml). Neonatal anthropometric measurements did not differ considerably from one other. Eventually, , the current study shown that 50,000 IU of vitamin D given every two weeks reduced the prevalence of GDM.