Geographical Characteristics Affecting the Kufa and Najaf Cement Factory and Their Impact on Air and Soil Pollution

Abstract

The cement industry is one of the most important and widespread industries among other industries due to its industrial and developmental importance in the country in general, and in Najaf province in particular. These industries have recently taken with them many toxic environmental pollutants affecting all natural components of the environment, including air, water, and the soil. The study showed that the Kufa and Najaf cement factories use black oil, which is considered the worst type of fuel because of its high sulfur content because it is cheap, and a by-product produced from fuel refineries, and because it contains high calories, and the raw materials used are limestone and soil.It is clear from the study that the stages of cement production are the preparation of raw materials, and it requires the removal of limestone rocks, bringing clay soils, preparing the required proportions of two materials, lime rocks and clay soils between (60-65%) and (20-25%) of clay soils, preparing the mixture of raw materials, burning the raw mixture and cooling it Then the clinker is ground and the cement is packed. The study showed that the Kufa and Najaf cement factories throw to the environment solid particles that are precipitated dust and the damaged mixtures that are thrown behind the Kufa cement factory and it is considered the main pollutant of the soil. Raw material, kiln operation, clinker cooling, grinding, circulation and packaging of products and in various cement formations, especially the stage of grinding materials in the dry method and in the clinker forming kiln. As for the liquid wastes, the two factories do not throw these wastes. As for the industrial water, it is reused in the cooling operations.