Horizon: Journal of Humanity and Artificial Intelligence

The effect of Special Endurance Training Combined with Some Recovery Methods in Improving the Maximum Speed and Some Functional Indicators of Football Players

Nabil Khalil Ibrahim, Ahmed Mezher Kraidi — Mon, 05 Aug 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The study aims to find out the effect of special endurance training associated with some recovery methods on improving the maximum speed and some functional indicators, the researchers chose the sample by random method, the players of the youth team of the Baghdad Municipality Football Club and their number (18) players, and the researchers excluded the old ages of the team and their number (3) players as well as the young and new players in the team and their number (3), so that the final number of research sample members (12) players only and ages (17-18) years, representing (66%) of the original population. The results of this study showed that there were significant results between the pre-test and post-test for the maximum speed time in running a distance of (30) meters from the starting position of the bird, as well as in the maximum running distance for (5) seconds, as well as for the test of functional indicators in heart rate and respiratory rate frequency, and in favor of the post-test. The results also showed a positive effect of speed and strength training and massage on the maximum speed and some functional indicators of the sample, and there was a significant improvement in the post-tests of the tests of maximum speed, that speed and strength training led to an improvement in the time of maximum speed for a distance of (30) meters. It was recommended that special endurance training including speed and strength exercises has a positive effect on the maximum speed of the research sample, and that special endurance training should be used for strength and speed exercises on football players due to its effect on the development of maximum speed, the necessity of using recovery methods after training units and physical effort due to its positive effect on the speed of muscle recovery, and conducting similar studies on different samples with the use of other recovery methods for different training programmers, and conducting similar studies on different samples with multiple other recovery methods.

Impact of Control on Elite Football Players' Athletic Skills

Noora Amer Aliwi — Mon, 03 Jun 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The current research aimed to explore the relationship between intentional control and mental skills of elite football players in Baghdad Governorate during the 2023/2024 season. Recognizing the significance of mental skills in athletic performance, this study addresses a gap in understanding how intentional control impacts these skills among top-tier athletes. The study utilized a descriptive and correlational research method, involving a sample of 170 players from the Iraqi elite league, representing 86.44% of the total research population. Data were collected using the Intentional Control Scale by Ismail (2022) and the Psychological States Scale by Bell, Benson, and Shambrook (1996), with analysis conducted via SPSS version 25. Results indicated that elite players exhibit high levels of both intentional control and mental skills, with a significant positive correlation between the two. These findings suggest that enhancing intentional control may further improve the mental skills essential for elite football performance.

Psychological Empowerment Strategies among Mothers of Autistic Children

Inst. Shahla Saadi Salah — Mon, 10 Jun 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The current research aimed to identify psychological empowerment strategies among mothers of autistic children. The current research identified mothers of autistic children in the city of Baghdad whose children with autism are present in the institutes and centers of autism as (Baghdad Autism Center, Al-Nahal Institute for Autism Care, Rami Institute for Autism, and Basma Amal Center for Autism). The number of them is (130) mothers of autistic children for the academic year 2022-2023, for the purpose of verifying the goal of the research, the researcher built a measurement of psychological empowerment strategies. Considering the definition, provided by the researcher for the item “psychological empowerment strategies”, four strategies for psychological empowerment were identified, and these strategies are: 1- Proper thinking. 2- Dialogue skills. 3-Emotion control. 4- Decision making. The measurement may consist of (38) items. The researcher also extracted the validity and reliability of the measurement, and after applying the measurement to members of the research sample, the data was analyzed and processed statistically using the statistical program (SPSS). The research reached to the following results: 1- There are no significant differences in the strategy of proper thinking; 2- There are no significant differences in the strategy of dialogue skills; 3- There are no significant differences in the strategy of emotion control; 4-There are no significant differences in the strategy of decision-making.

Formation of the Legal Framework of the Periodical Press of Uzbekistan (1991-2023)

Durdimurodova Dilnoza Umidjonovna — Thu, 20 Jun 2024 00:00:00 -0400

From its beginnings during colonial control until the post-independence era, the article examines the development of the press in Uzbekistan. It draws attention to how important Tatar enlightenment was in founding the first press and how Jadid reformists influenced the use of media as a vehicle for a national awakening. The research fills in the information vacuum about the precise effects of these early works on the evolution of society. It uses historical examination of original materials, such as magazines and legislative documents, as part of its methodology. Tracing the evolution of Uzbekistan's press in terms of law and culture is the goal. Findings show a notable departure from Soviet and colonial rule.

External feedback and its impact on the learning and retention of the skill of dribbling and rolling

Noor Sabah Lawas — Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The study dealt with one of the methods of learning, which identified the effect of feedback and retention of the skill of suppression, rolling and accuracy of shooting from movement in soccer, which the researcher addressed to several procedures, including feedback and retention and the extent of the role of feedback during the learning of the skill of suppression and handling The researcher prepared the educational exercises and carried out by the sample of players of Baghdad five-a-side soccer clubs and their number (14) players from Al-Masafi Sports Club and Baladi five-a-side soccer club, which was sampled equally 9 for each club and excluded (2) for the exploratory experiment. (2) for the exploratory experiment from the research community and outside the sample, as the sample received programs according to external feedback in learning and retaining the skills of suppression and rolling in shooting from the movement and the study reached results that were analyzed and discussed and the most important conclusions were that external feedback develops the results of It was effective in the learning process, especially in the early stages of learning for the sample members, and the recommendations are to pay attention to the stages of learning such skills for the sample members to be the pillar of the national teams in this game and its many requirements.

Mechanosynthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Cadmium(II), Nickel(II), Iron(III), and Chromium(III) Chelates Formed with Paracetamol and Aspirin

J. Ibrahim, A. Sumaila — Mon, 12 Aug 2024 00:00:00 -0400

This study describes the mechanochemical synthesis of cadmium (Cd(II)), nickel (Ni(II)), and chromium (Cr(III)) as well as iron (Fe(III)) complexes with aspirin and paracetamol, achieved through simple grinding of their metal chlorides without the use of solvents. Additionally, these complexes were prepared using traditional solution-based methods for comparison. Both mechanochemical and conventional products were characterized by examining their solubility, melting points, conductivity, magnetic moments, and infrared (IR) spectra. The IR and analytical data indicated that the complexes formed were identical regardless of the synthesis method. Job's method analysis showed a 1:2 metal-to-ligand ratio for both aspirin and paracetamol complexes. High molar conductance values, ranging from 109.42 to 207.61 Ω^-1cm²mol^-1 for aspirin complexes and 77.32 to 100.22 Ω^-1cm²mol^-1for paracetamol complexes, suggest their electrolytic nature in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The complexes were soluble in dimethylformamide (DMF) and DMSO, with paracetamol complexes also dissolving in acetone, methanol, and diethylether (DEE), and aspirin complexes being soluble in methanol, DMF, and DMSO. Except for the Cr(III) complex, all aspirin complexes were insoluble in water. Magnetic moment values confirmed that all synthesized complexes were paramagnetic, except for the diamagnetic cadmium complexes. The complexes displayed higher thermal stability, decomposing between 163.7-198.3 °C, compared to their respective ligands which decomposed at 170 °C for paracetamol and 137 °C for aspirin. The antimicrobial activity of the ligands and their complexes was tested against two bacterial strains, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and two fungal strains, Mucus species and Candida species. The ligands exhibited limited activity against most organisms, whereas most complexes showed activity at all test concentrations, with paracetamol complexes being effective only at higher concentrations.

The Jurisprudential Approach to Interpreting the Qur’an, According to Al-Shahrastani

Razzaq Makhour Daoud Al-Gharawi — Sat, 27 Jul 2024 00:00:00 -0400

The current research aims to know the foundations and interpretive trends that Al-Shahrastani used to interpret the Holy Qur’an according to the verses that need interpretation or other meanings. Educational institutions, including universities, are particularly reliant on knowledge capital as one of their most critical strategic assets. It is a measure of the collective knowledge, skills, and experiences of the organization's members who make substantial contributions to the attainment of organizational objectives and the enhancement of performance. In order to attain professional excellence and continue their professional development throughout their career paths, lecturers and graduates have made job enrichment a primary objective in a rapidly evolving workplace. The University of Karbala, like other Iraqi universities, encounters numerous obstacles in its efforts to enhance the employment prospects of its faculty and students. The knowledge capital of the teaching personnel is one of the factors that influences this issue. The teaching staff is the foundation of the educational process, responsible for the transmission of knowledge and skills to students and the preparation of them for the labor market. The research structure consisted of four primary paragraphs: the first paragraph addressed the methodology, the second paragraph reviewed the literature related to the primary research variables and their sub-dimensions, the third paragraph focused on the results of the research analysis, and the fourth paragraph concluded the research by reviewing the conclusions and recommendations presented in light of the statistical analysis.